Syphilis is one of the oldest known sexually transmitted diseases, but it is far from a relic of the past. In recent years, Singapore has seen a troubling increase in syphilis cases — and the infection can cause devastating health consequences if left undetected and untreated.
What Is Syphilis?
Syphilis is caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. It is transmitted through direct contact with syphilis sores (called chancres), which can appear on the genitals, anus, lips, or inside the mouth. Syphilis progresses through distinct stages if untreated:
- Primary syphilis — a single, painless sore at the infection site. Because it is painless and may be hidden inside the vagina or rectum, it is often missed.
- Secondary syphilis — a rash (often on the palms and soles), flu-like symptoms, and mucous membrane lesions. This stage is highly infectious.
- Latent syphilis — no symptoms, but the bacteria remains in the body. Can last for years.
- Tertiary syphilis — occurs in some untreated cases, causing severe damage to the heart, brain, nervous system, and other organs.
How Is Syphilis Diagnosed in Singapore?
Syphilis is diagnosed with a blood test. There are two main types of syphilis blood tests:
- Non-treponemal tests (e.g., RPR, VDRL) — used for screening. A positive result must be confirmed.
- Treponemal tests (e.g., TPHA, FTA-ABS) — more specific, used to confirm diagnosis.
At Wonderhealth, syphilis testing is included in comprehensive STD screening packages and can also be ordered as a standalone test. Results are typically available within 24 hours.
Who Is at Higher Risk of Syphilis in Singapore?
- Men who have sex with men (MSM) — historically the group most affected by the recent syphilis increase in Singapore
- People with multiple sexual partners
- Those living with HIV — co-infection is common and can accelerate disease progression
- Pregnant women — syphilis can be transmitted from mother to baby (congenital syphilis), causing serious harm
Treatment for Syphilis in Singapore
Syphilis is fully curable if detected early. The primary treatment is penicillin administered by injection. The number of injections required depends on the stage of infection. People allergic to penicillin can be treated with alternative antibiotics like doxycycline.
After treatment, follow-up blood tests are required to confirm the infection has been cleared. A cured syphilis infection does not confer immunity — you can be reinfected.
Syphilis and Pregnancy in Singapore
All pregnant women in Singapore are screened for syphilis as part of routine antenatal care. However, if you are pregnant and have had unprotected sex with a new partner since your last screen, you should request a repeat test. Congenital syphilis — infection passed from mother to baby — is preventable with prompt treatment.
📍 Book your STD screening at Wonderhealth — 221 Balestier Rd #02-06, Singapore 329928 | Call/WhatsApp: 8512 6290 | https://wonderhealth.sg
