Cervical cancer is one of the most preventable cancers, yet it remains a significant health concern for women worldwide. Did you know that almost all cervical cancer cases are caused by one virus? That virus is the Human Papillomavirus (HPV), a common sexually transmitted infection that often goes undetected. While it can sound alarming, education, early detection, and prevention can help protect your health and reduce your risk.
This post will guide you through everything you need to know about HPV, its link to cervical cancer, and the proactive steps you can take to safeguard your health.
Understanding HPV
What Is HPV?
The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a group of over 200 related viruses, some of which are transmitted through sexual contact. It is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the world, affecting both men and women. According to the CDC, at least 8 out of 10 people will contract HPV at some point in their lives.
Types of HPV and Their Risks
HPV comes in two main categories:
- Low-risk HPV: These strains can cause warts on the skin or genitals but are not associated with cancer.
- High-risk HPV: About 14 HPV types are classified as high-risk because they can cause abnormal cell changes in the cervix, which may lead to cancer over time.
Among the high-risk types, HPV16 and HPV18 are responsible for about 70% of cervical cancer cases globally.
How Is HPV Transmitted?
HPV spreads through intimate skin-to-skin contact, including vaginal, anal, and oral sex.
However, you don’t need penetrative sex to contract HPV; it can also spread through close genital contact.
Myths debunked:
- HPV is not spread through toilet seats, swimming pools, or casual contact like hugging or shaking hands.
- Using condoms can reduce your risk but may not eliminate it entirely, as HPV can infect areas not covered by condoms.
HPV and Cervical Cancer
Cervical cancer develops when high-risk HPV causes persistent infections that lead to abnormal cell changes in the cervix. While most HPV infections clear up on their own within 1 to 2 years, some high-risk infections can persist and potentially develop into cancer over the course of several years if left untreated.
The Importance of Regular Screenings
What Are Cervical Cancer Screenings?
Cervical cancer screenings include two key tests:
- Pap Smear: This test looks for abnormal cell changes in the cervix that could lead to cancer.
- HPV Test: This test checks for the presence of high-risk HPV strains.
Both tests are quick and minimally invasive and can be conducted during a routine visit to your doctor.
When and How Often Should You Get Screened?
Cervical cancer screening helps detect early changes in the cervix before cancer develops. In Singapore, HPB recommends the following based on your age:
👩⚕️ Ages 25 to 29
Recommended Test: Pap smear
Frequency: Every 3 years
Eligibility: For women who have ever had sexual activity
👩⚕️ Ages 30 to 69
Recommended Test: HPV test (preferred), or Pap smear
Frequency:
HPV test: Every 5 years
Pap smear: Every 3 years (if HPV test is not available)
Eligibility: For women who have ever had sexual activity
👩⚕️ Age 70 and Above
You may stop screening if:
You’ve had at least two normal Pap smear results in the last 10 years, and
You do not have a history of cervical abnormalities
Always check with your doctor before discontinuing screening
❗ Important Notes
HPV vaccination does not replace screening — you should still get screened regularly.
Feeling healthy isn’t enough — cervical cancer may not cause symptoms in its early stages.
Post-hysterectomy? Screening depends on whether your cervix was removed and the reason for surgery — consult your docto
Why Early Detection Matters
Catching abnormal cell changes early can prevent them from developing into cancer. The earlier these changes are identified, the more effective and less invasive treatment will be.
Preventing HPV and Cervical Cancer
Vaccination
The HPV vaccine is one of the most powerful tools in preventing HPV and the cancers associated with it.
- Who should get vaccinated? The vaccine is recommended for boys and girls starting at age 11 or 12 but can be given as early as age 9. Adults up to age 45 may also benefit if not previously vaccinated.
- How does it work? The vaccine protects against the most common cancer-causing HPV types, such as HPV16 and HPV18, and other types that cause genital warts.
Lifestyle Choices for Prevention
- Practice Safe Sex: Use condoms consistently, and limit your number of sexual partners to reduce your exposure risk.
- Boost Your Immune System: Maintaining a healthy lifestyle with balanced nutrition, regular exercise, and adequate sleep can help your body fight off infections more effectively.
Partner Communication and Education
Talk openly with your partner about HPV and sexual health. Sharing knowledge helps reduce stigma and encourages both partners to stay proactive about their health.
Common Myths and Facts About HPV and Cervical Cancer
Myth 1: Only Women Should Worry About HPV
Fact: HPV affects both men and women. While men cannot develop cervical cancer, HPV can lead to other cancers, such as throat and anal cancer, and genital warts. Vaccination is just as important for men.
Myth 2: The HPV Vaccine is Only for Young People
Fact: Although it’s most effective when given at a younger age, adults up to 45 years old can still benefit from getting the vaccine if they were not previously vaccinated.
Myth 3: If I Have HPV, I’ll Get Cervical Cancer
Fact: Most HPV infections clear up naturally without causing cancer, especially with a healthy immune system. Regular screenings help catch changes early if they occur.
Myth 4: Cervical Cancer Can’t Be Prevented
Fact: The combination of vaccination, regular screenings, and safe practices makes cervical cancer one of the most preventable cancers.
Make Your Health a Priority Today
Take Charge of Your Health
Understanding and preventing HPV and cervical cancer is within your control. Small steps, like scheduling regular screenings and staying informed about vaccination, can make a significant difference in protecting your health long-term.
Schedule Your Screening Today
At Wonderhealth Screeners, we’re dedicated to empowering women with the tools and knowledge they need. Book your cervical cancer screening today or consult with our experts about the HPV vaccine.
Your health isn’t just a priority; it’s a promise. Act now to secure your future well-being.
What is a cervical cancer screening?
A cervical cancer screening is a medical test designed to detect abnormal cells in the cervix that may develop into cancer. Early detection allows for preventive treatment and significantly increases the chances of successful outcomes.
Who should get screened for cervical cancer?
It is recommended that women aged 25 and older begin regular cervical cancer screenings as advised by their healthcare provider. The frequency of screening may vary based on factors like age, medical history, and the presence of risk factors.
Is the Pap smear painful?
Most women experience mild discomfort during a Pap smear, but it shouldn’t be painful. Staying relaxed can help make the process more comfortable. If you feel any pain or discomfort, let your doctor or nurse know immediately.
How accurate is the Pap smear?
Like all screening tests, the Pap smear is not 100% accurate. It may sometimes miss early cell changes. That’s why regular screening is important — it increases the chances of detecting abnormalities early.
Do I still need a Pap smear if I don’t have a family history of cancer?
Yes. Most cervical cancer cases are not linked to family history. If you’ve ever been sexually active, you should go for regular screening, regardless of your family background.
Can I go for a Pap smear during my period?
No. It’s best to avoid scheduling a Pap smear during your menstrual period, as blood can affect the accuracy of the test. Try to book your appointment about 14 days after the start of your period.
Should I continue Pap smears after menopause?
Yes. Cervical cancer risk increases with age. If you’ve ever had sexual intercourse and have not been screened, you should still go for a Pap smear. Women may be discharged from screening at age 69 if:
The Pap smear done at age 69 is negative and
The previous smear (within 3 years) was also negative.
Please consult your doctor to confirm.
I’m 70 years old. Do I still need to be screened?
If you haven’t had a Pap smear in the last 3 years, speak with your doctor to determine if you should continue screening. Regular checks may still be recommended depending on your health and screening history.
Do I need a Pap smear after a hysterectomy?
It depends:
If you had a total hysterectomy (removal of uterus and cervix) for a non-cancerous condition, you typically don’t need further Pap smears. However, a single Pap smear after the surgery is still recommended.
If your cervix was not removed, or if the surgery was done for cancer or pre-cancerous changes, you should continue Pap smears every 3 years.
Always check with your doctor if you’re unsure.
Do I still need a Pap smear if I feel perfectly healthy?
Yes. Cervical cancer often shows no symptoms in the early stages. The Pap smear detects abnormal cells before they develop into cancer, which is why regular screening is essential—even if you feel fine.
I’ve been vaccinated against HPV. Do I still need a Pap smear?
Yes. The HPV vaccine doesn’t protect against all cancer-causing HPV types. About 30% of cervical cancers are caused by types not covered by the vaccine. Regular screening every 3 years is still recommended.
